Germany records lowest PISA results to date as basic skills decline among one in three students

Record low scores across core disciplines

German 15-year-olds recorded their lowest scores to date in the 2025 PISA assessment, which evaluated approximately 6,700 students across reading, mathematics, and natural sciences. One in three adolescents lacks baseline proficiency in reading and mathematics, while one in four misses basic competence in science. More than one in five pupils fails to demonstrate adequate baseline competence in any of the three assessed fields. Across participating OECD countries, aggregate results in all three subject areas dropped to their lowest measured levels. Federal Education Minister Karin Prien described the findings as concerning, while Conference of Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs president Anna Stolz pointed to existing reform initiatives. In a Bundestag debate, Chancellor Friedrich Merz offered federal cooperation to state governments to address structural educational deficits.

Widening socioeconomic divide and student reactions

Educational outcomes in Germany remain strongly tied to family background. According to data published by the Paritätischer Wohlfahrtsverband, only two out of 100 students from socially disadvantaged families reach the top competence tier, compared with 25 out of 100 pupils from privileged households. Chief executive Joachim Rock urged an immediate expansion of social participation benefits, noting that socioeconomic achievement gaps in Germany have widened since 2015 while narrowing internationally. Bundesschülerkonferenz general secretary Amy Kirchhoff attributed the decline to persistent political shortcomings rather than an unexpected turn, citing survey data from the Robert Bosch Stiftung indicating that one-quarter of pupils experience psychological strain, stress, and bullying.

The results are a predictable disaster and show political failure.

Industry concerns and digital policy proposals

Trade and employer associations warned that declining student competence directly impedes vocational training. Susanne Haus, president of the Frankfurt-Rhein-Main Chamber of Skilled Crafts, stated that apprentices frequently struggle to calculate surface areas and required paint supplies or fail written examinations. In a 2022 survey by the chamber, 44.7% of surveyed craft enterprises reported that stronger basic skills in reading, writing, and arithmetic would ease apprenticeship training. Dirk Pollert, director of the Hessian Business Associations, described the results as a warning for industrial innovation and workforce readiness. In response to falling attention spans and reading comprehension, Federal Education Minister Karin Prien announced upcoming cabinet proposals to establish social media age limits and age verification requirements.

The fact that children can no longer concentrate, that they no longer have stamina, that they are no longer able to read with comprehension, has something to do with social media and screen time.

International models and shifting student attitudes

OECD education director Andreas Schleicher noted that German performance has steadily declined since 2010, identifying early school tracking and classroom digital distractions as primary factors rather than migration. Schleicher cited systems in Japan and Shanghai, where educators hold higher direct responsibility for learning outcomes. Educational researcher and author Alexander Brand noted that top-performing systems in Estonia, Singapore, and Japan integrate struggling students into non-stigmatized tutoring groups before academic deficits solidify. In Austria, 15- and 16-year-olds scored above the OECD average for the first time despite declines in mathematics and reading. However, accompanying OECD survey data revealed growing disengagement among Austrian students, with 33% finding learning boring and 25% viewing school as a waste of time.